DBMS > Amazon DynamoDB vs. Citus vs. FoundationDB vs. Galaxybase vs. Machbase Neo

System Properties Comparison Amazon DynamoDB vs. Citus vs. FoundationDB vs. Galaxybase vs. Machbase Neo

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Hosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloud

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Scalable, ACID-compliant native distributed parallel graph platform

TimeSeries DBMS for AIoT and BigData

Primary database model

Document store
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Graph DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	74.07
Rank	#17	Overall
	#3	Document stores
	#2	Key-value stores

Score	2.21
Rank	#118	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	1.03
Rank	#190	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#89	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#39	Graph DBMS

Score	0.12
Rank	#339	Overall
	#30	Time Series DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

www.citusdata.com

github.com/apple/foundationdb

galaxybase.com

machbase.com

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

docs.citusdata.com

apple.github.io/foundationdb

machbase.com/dbms

Developer

Amazon

FoundationDB

Chuanglin(Createlink) Technology Co., Ltd 浙江创邻科技有限公司

Machbase

Initial release

2012

2010

2013

2017

2013

Current release

8.1, December 2018

6.2.28, November 2020

Nov 20, November 2021

V8.0, August 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free tier for a limited amount of database operations

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

free test version available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

some layers support schemas

Strong typed schema

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

supported in specific SQL layer only

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Browser interface
console (shell)
Graph API (Gremlin)
OpenCypher
Proprietary native API

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

Go
Java
Python

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP

via ODBC
Python
R

via ODBC
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

in SQL-layer only

user defined procedures and functions

Triggers

yes

by integration with AWS Lambda

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

yes

selectable replication factor

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be specified for read operations

Immediate Consistency

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

in SQL-layer only

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and region

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

volatile and lookup table

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

simple password-based access control

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