DBMS > Amazon DynamoDB vs. Citus vs. CrateDB vs. Raima Database Manager vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon DynamoDB vs. Citus vs. CrateDB vs. Raima Database Manager vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Hosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloud

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Distributed Database based on Lucene

RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into an application or used as a database server

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Document store
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	74.07
Rank	#17	Overall
	#3	Document stores
	#2	Key-value stores

Score	2.21
Rank	#118	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	0.73
Rank	#224	Overall
	#37	Document stores
	#5	Spatial DBMS
	#16	Search engines
	#19	Time Series DBMS
	#8	Vector DBMS

Score	0.46
Rank	#259	Overall
	#120	Relational DBMS
	#22	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

www.citusdata.com

cratedb.com

raima.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

Developer

Amazon

Crate

Raima Inc.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2010

2013

1984

2019

Current release

8.1, December 2018

15, June 2021

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free tier for a limited amount of database operations

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.

Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator support

Android
HP-UX
Integrity RTOS
iOS
Linux
OS X
QNX
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Exporting/Importing of XML structures possible

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibility

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.NET
Erlang
Go

community maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

community maintained client
Perl

community maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

community maintained client
Scala

community maintained client

.Net
C
C++
Objective-C
PL/SQL

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

user defined functions (Javascript)

yes

based on the ANSI/ISO SQL Persistent Stored Modules (PSM) specification

Triggers

yes

by integration with AWS Lambda

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Configurable replication on table/partition-level

Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be specified for read operations

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and region

ACID

unique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategy

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

rights management via user accounts

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

The enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more

Raima Database Manager (RDM) is an embedded time-series database optimized to run...
» more

Competitive advantages

Response time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more

Decreased time-to-market Industry-standard interfaces & tools for making your job...
» more

Typical application scenarios

IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more

Typical use cases include: Internet of Things (IoT) Embedded In-Memory Database Time-Series...
» more

Key customers

Across all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more

Infor, ABB, The Boeing Company, BAE Systems, Dow Jones, Dun & Bradstreet, Fujitsu,...
» more

Market metrics

The CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more

Over 30 000 applications developers worldwide have field-tested RDM products More...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

See CrateDB pricing >
» more

Just as the technical aspects of Raima Database Manager are flexible, so are the...
» more

News

Raima Unveils RaimaDB 16.0: Elevating Database Performance and User Experience
29 February 2024

Raima Announces Release of Raima Database Manager (RDM) v15, a Powerful Embedded Time Series Database
10 June 2021

Raima Announces Release of Raima Database Manager (RDM) v14.2, a Powerful IoT Edge Embedded Database
8 October 2020

Raima Joins BlackBerry QNX Channel Partner Program to Deliver Safety-Critical and Secure Software Solutions
1 October 2020

Raima Expands Their Reseller Network in Asia
19 May 2020

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.