DBMS > Amazon DynamoDB vs. Apache Impala vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. NuoDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon DynamoDB vs. Apache Impala vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. NuoDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Hosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloud

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Primary database model

Document store
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	74.45
Rank	#17	Overall
	#3	Document stores
	#2	Key-value stores

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	13.64
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.94
Rank	#197	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

impala.apache.org

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

www.h2database.com

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

firebase.google.com/docs/database

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

doc.nuodb.com

Developer

Amazon

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Thomas Mueller

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Initial release

2012

2013

2012

2005

2013

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

2.2.220, July 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free tier for a limited amount of database operations

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

limited edition free

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

Java

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

limited functionality with using 'rules'

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

by integration with AWS Lambda

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

selectable replication factor

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be specified for read operations

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and region

yes

ACID

tunable commit protocol

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

MVCC

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes, based on authentication and database rules

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

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