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DBMS > Amazon DocumentDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. StarRocks vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Amazon DocumentDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. StarRocks vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonStarRocks  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, scalable, highly available, and fully managed MongoDB-compatible database serviceA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerAn open source, high-performance columnar analytical database that enables real-time, multi-dimensional, and highly concurrent data analytics infoForked from Apache DorisIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.91
Rank#131  Overall
#24  Document stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.93
Rank#198  Overall
#93  Relational DBMS
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­documentdbcloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.starrocks.iowww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­documentdb/­resourcescloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.starrocks.io/­en-us/­latest/­introduction/­StarRocks_introdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince Feb 2023Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20192017201020201998
Current releaseV123.3, June 202411 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++, Java
Server operating systemshostedhostedhostedLinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsproprietary protocol using JSON (MongoDB compatible)gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
MySQL protocol
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
JavaC
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLuser defined functionsPL/SQL
Triggersnonoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range and hash)none
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones for high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicasMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infomay be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)yes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityno infotypically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possibleyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-document operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole based access control and fine grained access rightsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon DocumentDBGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureStarRocksTimesTen
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