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DBMS > Amazon DocumentDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. IBM Db2 vs. Titan vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon DocumentDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. IBM Db2 vs. Titan vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionFast, scalable, highly available, and fully managed MongoDB-compatible database serviceGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Common in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument storeKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.91
Rank#131  Overall
#24  Document stores
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score125.90
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­documentdbcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.ibm.com/­products/­db2github.com/­thinkaurelius/­titanvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­documentdb/­resourcescloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2github.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wikidocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperGoogleIBMAurelius, owned by DataStaxOpenLink Software
Initial release201920151983 infohost version20121998
Current release12.1, October 20167.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infofree version is availableOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and C++JavaC
Server operating systemshostedhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsproprietary protocol using JSON (MongoDB compatible)gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Clojure
Java
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux Versionyes infovia pluggable storage backendsyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones for high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicasInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)yesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infomay be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)yesnoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engineyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityno infotypically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possiblenoyesyes infoRelationships in graphyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-document operationsAtomic single-row operationsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph ServerFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon DocumentDBGoogle Cloud BigtableIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2TitanVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Amazon DocumentDBGoogle Cloud BigtableIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2TitanVirtuoso
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