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DBMS > Amazon Aurora vs. NebulaGraph vs. Spark SQL vs. Virtuoso vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Aurora vs. NebulaGraph vs. Spark SQL vs. Virtuoso vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Aurora  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMySQL and PostgreSQL compatible cloud service by AmazonA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.57
Rank#51  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score2.63
Rank#109  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­rds/­auroragithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
spark.apache.org/­sqlvirtuoso.openlinksw.comwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­AmazonRDS/­latest/­AuroraUserGuide/­CHAP_Aurora.htmldocs.nebula-graph.iospark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosodocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
DeveloperAmazonVesoft Inc.Apache Software FoundationOpenLink SoftwareYugabyte Inc.
Initial release20152019201419982017
Current release3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.2.11, September 20232.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageC++ScalaCC and C++
Server operating systemshostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Data schemeyesStrong typed schemayesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
depending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.noyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languageSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languagesAda
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsnoyes infoVirtuoso PLyes infosql, plpgsql, C
Triggersyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningShardingyes, utilizing Spark CoreyesHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationCausal Clustering using Raft protocolnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing RocksDByesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)yes
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon AuroraNebulaGraphSpark SQLVirtuosoYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more

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More resources
Amazon AuroraNebulaGraphSpark SQLVirtuosoYugabyteDB
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