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DBMS > Amazon Aurora vs. ClickHouse vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDFox vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon Aurora vs. ClickHouse vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDFox vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Aurora  Xexclude from comparisonClickHouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMySQL and PostgreSQL compatible cloud service by AmazonA high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.91
Rank#50  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score16.34
Rank#38  Overall
#23  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#308  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­rds/­auroraclickhouse.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.oxfordsemantic.techvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­AmazonRDS/­latest/­AuroraUserGuide/­CHAP_Aurora.htmlclickhouse.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.oxfordsemantic.techdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAmazonClickhouse Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOxford Semantic TechnologiesOpenLink Software
Initial release201520161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20171998
Current releasev24.4.1.2088-stable, May 202416.3, May 20246.0, Septermber 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
  • Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.
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  • Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
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Implementation languageC++CC++C
Server operating systemshostedFreeBSD
Linux
macOS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoRDF schemasyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesClose to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)yes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesAda
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C# info3rd party library
C++
Elixir info3rd party library
Go info3rd party library
Java info3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party library
Kotlin info3rd party library
Nim info3rd party library
Perl info3rd party library
PHP info3rd party library
Python info3rd party library
R info3rd party library
Ruby info3rd party library
Rust
Scala info3rd party library
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningkey based and custompartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationAsynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsreplication via a shared file systemChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRoles, resources, and access typesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon AuroraClickHousePostgreSQLRDFoxVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesAiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.
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DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
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Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
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Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres: An Enterprise Grade PostgreSQL with the flexibility of a hybrid cloud solution combined with industry leading security, availability and performance.
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pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
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SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
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CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
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Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
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Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
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Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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Timescale: Calling all PostgreSQL users – the 2023 State of PostgreSQL survey is now open! Share your favorite extensions, preferred frameworks, community experiences, and more. Take the survey today!
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We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
Amazon AuroraClickHousePostgreSQLRDFoxVirtuoso
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