DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NebulaGraph vs. openGemini vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NebulaGraph vs. openGemini vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

High performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

An open source distributed Time Series DBMS with high concurrency, high performance, and high scalability

Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.

Primary database model

Document store

with version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS

Column oriented

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.13
Rank	#179	Overall
	#30	Document stores
	#17	Graph DBMS
	#7	RDF stores
	#7	Vector DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	0.09
Rank	#361	Overall
	#37	Time Series DBMS

Score	10.06
Rank	#42	Overall
	#26	Relational DBMS

Website

allegrograph.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.opengemini.org
github.com/openGemini

www.vertica.com

Technical documentation

franz.com/agraph/support/documentation/current/agraph-introduction.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.nebula-graph.io

docs.opengemini.org/guide

vertica.com/documentation

Developer

Franz Inc.

Microsoft

Vesoft Inc.

Huawei and openGemini community

OpenText

previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard

Initial release

2004

1989

2019

2022

2005

Current release

8.0, December 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

1.1, July 2023

12.0.3, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Limited community edition free

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Limited community edition free

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux

Linux
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

yes

Strong typed schema

schema-free

Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Integer, Float, Boolean, String

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

bulk load of XML files possible

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.

SQL

Support of SQL

SPARQL is used as query language

yes

SQL-like query language

Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

HTTP REST

ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL

character-based, interactive, front-end utility

Supported programming languages

C#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript or Common Lisp

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions

yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences

Triggers

yes

yes, called Custom Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

with Federation

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

yes

Multi-source replication

One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Bi-directional Spark integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

Administrators and common users accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Knowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantages

AllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
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NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
» more

Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
» more

Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more

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9 February 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.