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DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. Teradata vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. Teradata vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.84
Rank#204  Overall
#35  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#10  Vector DBMS
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score2.33
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score41.47
Rank#22  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Score3.99
Rank#75  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#40  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteallegrograph.comcloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.teradata.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.teradata.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperFranz Inc.GoogleGoogleTeradataOpenLink Software
Initial release20042017201119841998
Current release8.0, December 20231.23, February 2021Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 20197.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Linux
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infoRDF schemasyesschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobulk load of XML files possiblenonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash indexyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languageyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyes infoSQL 2016 + extensionsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoJavaScript or Common Lispnonoyes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallelyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeswith FederationShardingnoneSharding infoHashingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
AllegroGraphGoogle Cloud SpannerLevelDBTeradataVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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