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DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. DuckDB vs. FoundationDB vs. HarperDB vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. DuckDB vs. FoundationDB vs. HarperDB vs. Neo4j

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.HarperDB takes the "stack" out of "tech stack" by combining an ultra-fast document-style data store, in-memory cache, real-time message broker, and your application components into a single distributed technology.Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings
Primary database modelDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Document storeGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.84
Rank#204  Overall
#35  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#10  Vector DBMS
Score5.61
Rank#60  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score0.97
Rank#191  Overall
#32  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#87  Relational DBMS
Score0.55
Rank#243  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score42.68
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websiteallegrograph.comduckdb.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.harperdb.ioneo4j.com
Technical documentationfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmlduckdb.org/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.harperdb.io/­docsneo4j.com/­docs
DeveloperFranz Inc.FoundationDBHarperDBNeo4j, Inc.
Initial release20042018201320172007
Current release8.0, December 20231.0.0, June 20246.2.28, November 20203.1, August 20215.23, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infofree community edition availableOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageC++C++Node.jsJava, Scala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
server-lessLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infoRDF schemasyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasdynamic schemaschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typingyes infoJSON data typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobulk load of XML files possiblenono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languageyessupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like data manipulation statementsno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoJavaScript or Common Lispnoin SQL-layer onlyCustom Functions infosince release 3.1yes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
Triggersyesnononoyes infovia event handler
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeswith FederationnoneShardingA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusteryes using Neo4j Fabric
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
noneyesyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version only
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoin SQL-layer onlynoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDAtomic execution of specific operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, using LMDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationnonoAccess rights for users and rolesUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
AllegroGraphDuckDBFoundationDBHarperDBNeo4j
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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