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DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. Citus vs. NebulaGraph vs. OrientDB vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. Citus vs. NebulaGraph vs. OrientDB vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#187  Overall
#30  Document stores
#17  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#7  Vector DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteallegrograph.comwww.citusdata.comgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
orientdb.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmldocs.citusdata.comdocs.nebula-graph.iowww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperFranz Inc.Vesoft Inc.OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPApache Software Foundation
Initial release20042010201920102014
Current release8.0, December 20238.1, December 20183.2.29, March 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++JavaScala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinuxAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyes infoRDF schemasyesStrong typed schemaschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobulk load of XML files possibleyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languageyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language, no joinsSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoJavaScript or Common Lispuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functionsJava, Javascriptno
TriggersyesyesHooksno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeswith FederationShardingShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsCausal Clustering using Raft protocolMulti-source replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes inforelationship in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableno
More information provided by the system vendor
AllegroGraphCitusNebulaGraphOrientDBSpark SQL
Specific characteristicsKnowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more
NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesAllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more
NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
AllegroGraphCitusNebulaGraphOrientDBSpark SQL
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