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DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. Cassandra vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Milvus vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. Cassandra vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Milvus vs. Neo4j

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessSearch-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings
Primary database modelDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Wide column storeSearch engineVector DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.13
Rank#179  Overall
#30  Document stores
#17  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#7  Vector DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score5.52
Rank#59  Overall
#6  Search engines
Score2.78
Rank#103  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websiteallegrograph.comcassandra.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchmilvus.ioneo4j.com
Technical documentationfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmlcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestlearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdneo4j.com/­docs
DeveloperFranz Inc.Apache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoftNeo4j, Inc.
Initial release20042008201520192007
Current release8.0, December 20234.1.3, July 2023V12.3.4, January 20245.20, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for MilvusNeo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaC++, GoJava, Scala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infoRDF schemasschema-freeyesschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesVector, Numeric and Stringyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobulk load of XML files possiblenonono
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesnoyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languageSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)nonono
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
RESTful HTTP APIRESTful HTTP APIBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoJavaScript or Common Lispnononoyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
Triggersyesyesnonoyes infovia event handler
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeswith FederationSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingyes using Neo4j Fabric
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
selectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version only
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationAccess rights for users can be defined per objectyes infousing Azure authenticationRole based access control and fine grained access rightsUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
AllegroGraphCassandraMicrosoft Azure AI SearchMilvusNeo4j
Specific characteristicsKnowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more
Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesAllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more
No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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