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DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#187  Overall
#30  Document stores
#17  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#7  Vector DBMS
Score1.97
Rank#126  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteallegrograph.comphoenix.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablevirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmlphoenix.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperFranz Inc.Apache Software FoundationGoogleOpenLink Software
Initial release2004201420151998
Current release8.0, December 20235.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20197.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
hostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infoRDF schemasyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobulk load of XML files possiblenonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languageyesnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
JDBCgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoJavaScript or Common Lispuser defined functionsnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeswith FederationShardingShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoHadoop integrationyesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
AllegroGraphApache PhoenixGoogle Cloud BigtableVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsKnowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesAllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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8 January 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
AllegroGraphApache PhoenixGoogle Cloud BigtableVirtuoso
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