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DBMS > Alibaba Cloud Table Store vs. Elasticsearch vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Alibaba Cloud Table Store vs. Elasticsearch vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlibaba Cloud Table Store  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA fully managed Wide Column Store for large quantities of semi-structured data with real-time accessA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSWidely used in-process key-value storeVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelWide column storeSearch engineGraph DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.24
Rank#310  Overall
#12  Wide column stores
Score134.78
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score2.12
Rank#125  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#114  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score4.20
Rank#83  Overall
#14  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.alibabacloud.com/­product/­table-storewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationwww.alibabacloud.com/­help/­en/­tablestorewww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmldocs.nebula-graph.iodocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAlibabaElasticVesoft Inc.Oracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleOpenLink Software
Initial release20162010201919941998
Current release8.6, January 202318.1.40, May 20207.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMLinuxAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentStrong typed schemaschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyes
Secondary indexesnoyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageSQL-like query languageyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsHTTP APIJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJava
Python
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesuser defined functionsnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyes infoonly for the SQL APIyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingShardingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop Connectornonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights based on subaccounts and tokensRole-based access controlnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Alibaba Cloud Table StoreElasticsearchNebulaGraphOracle Berkeley DBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Alibaba Cloud Table StoreElasticsearchNebulaGraphOracle Berkeley DBVirtuoso
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