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DBMS > Alibaba Cloud PolarDB vs. Dgraph vs. GBase vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Alibaba Cloud PolarDB vs. Dgraph vs. GBase vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlibaba Cloud PolarDB  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGBase  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA cloud-native relational database compatible with MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle. Designed for business critical applications.Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMSWidely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.59
Rank#241  Overall
#110  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#185  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.alibabacloud.com/­product/­polardbdgraph.iowww.gbase.cncloud.google.com/­bigtableazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationwww.alibabacloud.com/­help/­en/­polardb/­product-overviewdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperAlibabaDgraph Labs, Inc.General Data Technology Co., Ltd.GoogleMicrosoft
Initial release2016200420152019
Current releaseGBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8ccloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC, Java, Python
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linuxhostedhosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoStandard with numerous extensionsnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesJava
Python
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functionsnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyeshorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSynchronous replication via RaftyesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releasesyesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory Authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
Alibaba Cloud PolarDBDgraphGBaseGoogle Cloud BigtableMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
Specific characteristicsPolarDB, previously ApsaraDB for PolarDB, is a cloud-native relational database designed...
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Alibaba Cloud PolarDBDgraphGBaseGoogle Cloud BigtableMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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