DBMS > Alibaba Cloud PolarDB vs. Datomic vs. KeyDB vs. LevelDB vs. Lovefield

System Properties Comparison Alibaba Cloud PolarDB vs. Datomic vs. KeyDB vs. LevelDB vs. Lovefield

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A cloud-native relational database compatible with MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle. Designed for business critical applications.

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

An ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocols

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.59
Rank	#241	Overall
	#110	Relational DBMS

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	0.71
Rank	#226	Overall
	#33	Key-value stores

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Website

www.alibabacloud.com/product/polardb

www.datomic.com

github.com/Snapchat/KeyDB
keydb.dev

github.com/google/leveldb

google.github.io/lovefield

Technical documentation

www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/polardb/product-overview

docs.datomic.com

docs.keydb.dev

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

Developer

Alibaba

Cognitect

EQ Alpha Technology Ltd.

Google

Initial release

2012

2019

2011

2014

Current release

1.0.6735, June 2023

1.23, February 2021

2.1.12, February 2017

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

BSD-3

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

C++

JavaScript

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

partial

Supported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

by using the Redis Search module

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

Proprietary protocol

RESP - REdis Serialization Protoco

Supported programming languages

Java
Python

Clojure
Java

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

JavaScript

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

Lua

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

Using read-only observers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Optimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scripts

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

Configurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logs

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

simple password-based access control and ACL

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Licensing and pricing models

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