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DBMS > AlaSQL vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison AlaSQL vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlaSQL  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionJavaScript DBMS libraryFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.46
Rank#260  Overall
#40  Document stores
#121  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score104.92
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitealasql.orgwww.h2database.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationgithub.com/­AlaSQL/­alasqlwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAndrey Gershun & Mathias R. WulffThomas MuellerGoogleMicrosoftOpenLink Software
Initial release20142005201119921998
Current release2.2.220, July 20231.23, February 20211902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 20197.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT-LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoBSDcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficeOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaScriptJavaC++C++C
Server operating systemsserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)All OS with a Java VMIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLClose to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.yesnoyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJavaScript APIJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJavaScriptJavaC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesnoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenonenoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayes infoonly for local storage and DOM-storageACIDnoACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infoby using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorageyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
AlaSQLH2LevelDBMicrosoft AccessVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
AlaSQLH2LevelDBMicrosoft AccessVirtuoso
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