DBMS > AlaSQL vs. GraphDB vs. Neo4j vs. TimescaleDB vs. Vertica
System Properties Comparison AlaSQL vs. GraphDB vs. Neo4j vs. TimescaleDB vs. Vertica
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Name | AlaSQL Xexclude from comparison | GraphDB former name: OWLIM Xexclude from comparison | Neo4j Xexclude from comparison | TimescaleDB Xexclude from comparison | Vertica OpenText™ Vertica™ Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | JavaScript DBMS library | Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL. | Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings | A time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL | Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Document store Relational DBMS | Graph DBMS RDF store | Graph DBMS | Time Series DBMS | Relational DBMS Column oriented | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Relational DBMS | Spatial DBMS Time Series DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | alasql.org | www.ontotext.com | neo4j.com | www.timescale.com | www.vertica.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | github.com/AlaSQL/alasql | graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation | neo4j.com/docs | docs.timescale.com | vertica.com/documentation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Social network pages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Andrey Gershun & Mathias R. Wulff | Ontotext | Neo4j, Inc. | Timescale | OpenText previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2014 | 2000 | 2007 | 2017 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 10.4, October 2023 | 5.19, April 2024 | 2.15.0, May 2024 | 12.0.3, January 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source MIT-License | commercial Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced | Open Source GPL version3, commercial licenses available | Open Source Apache 2.0 | commercial Limited community edition free | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implementation language | JavaScript | Java | Java, Scala | C | C++ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) | All OS with a Java VM Linux OS X Windows | Linux Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database. OS X Solaris Windows | Linux OS X Windows | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free | schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes | schema-free and schema-optional | yes | Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | no | yes | yes | numerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | no | yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes | yes pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene | yes | No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings. | stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC | no | yes full PostgreSQL SQL syntax | Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | JavaScript API | GeoSPARQL GraphQL GraphQL Federation Java API JDBC RDF4J API RDFS RIO Sail API Sesame REST HTTP Protocol SPARQL 1.1 | Bolt protocol Cypher query language Java API Neo4j-OGM Object Graph Mapper RESTful HTTP API Spring Data Neo4j TinkerPop 3 | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | ADO.NET JDBC Kafka Connector ODBC RESTful HTTP API Spark Connector vSQL character-based, interactive, front-end utility | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | JavaScript | .Net C# Clojure Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net Clojure Elixir Go Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript Perl PHP Python R Ruby Scheme Tcl | C# C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility | yes User defined Procedures and Functions | user defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell | yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | yes | no | yes via event handler | yes | yes, called Custom Alerts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | none | none | yes using Neo4j Fabric | yes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes | horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | none | Multi-source replication | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol available in in Enterprise Version only | Source-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas | Multi-source replication One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | no | no Bi-directional Spark integration | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | none | Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request) | Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes | yes Constraint checking | yes Relationships in graphs | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | yes only for local storage and DOM-storage | ACID | ACID | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes by using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorage | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | no | Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on. | Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AlaSQL | GraphDB former name: OWLIM | Neo4j | TimescaleDB | Vertica OpenText™ Vertica™ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specific characteristics | Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build... » more | Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale... » more | Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Competitive advantages | GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment... » more | Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely... » more | Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typical application scenarios | Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing... » more | Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network... » more | Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key customers | GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph... » more | Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers... » more | Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Market metrics | GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise... » more | Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Licensing and pricing models | GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition... » more | GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial... » more | Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
News | Understanding the Graph Center of Excellence Migrating From LPG to RDF Graph Model Case study: Policy Enforcement Automation With Semantics Okay, RAG… We Have a Problem Scaling Understanding with the Help of Feedback Loops, Knowledge Graphs and NLP | This Week in Neo4j: Podcast, GraphRAG, GraphQL, Chatbot and more Neo4j Joins the Connect with Confluent Partner Program 10 Inspiring Projects to Spark Your NODES 2024 Presentation New Security Feature in Neo4j Aura: Customer Managed Keys Safeguarding Elections: How Graph Technology Powers Groundbreaking Research on Political Ads | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AlaSQL | GraphDB former name: OWLIM | Neo4j | TimescaleDB | Vertica OpenText™ Vertica™ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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