DBMS > AlaSQL vs. ClickHouse vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison AlaSQL vs. ClickHouse vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

JavaScript DBMS library

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.49
Rank	#259	Overall
	#40	Document stores
	#120	Relational DBMS

Score	16.20
Rank	#37	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	8.22
Rank	#50	Overall
	#32	Relational DBMS

Score	78.40
Rank	#15	Overall
	#10	Relational DBMS

Score	5.10
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Website

alasql.org

clickhouse.com

www.h2database.com

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

trino.io

Technical documentation

github.com/AlaSQL/alasql

clickhouse.com/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

Social network pages

Developer

Andrey Gershun & Mathias R. Wulff

Clickhouse Inc.

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

Trino Software Foundation

Initial release

2014

2016

2005

2010

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

Current release

v24.3.2.23-lts, April 2024

2.2.220, July 2023

V12

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT-License

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
ClickHouse Cloud: Get the performance you love from open source ClickHouse in a serverless offering that takes care of the details so you can spend more time getting insight out of the fastest database on earth.
Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

JavaScript

C++

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

depending on connected data-source

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

yes

APIs and other access methods

JavaScript API

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

Supported programming languages

JavaScript

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

Java

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

key based and custom

none

depending on connected data-source

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes, with always 3 replicas available

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

only for local storage and DOM-storage

ACID

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorage

yes

depending on connected data-source

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
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Competitive advantages

High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
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Typical application scenarios

Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
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Key customers

Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
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Market metrics

33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
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Licensing and pricing models

Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
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