DBMS > AgensGraph vs. Immudb vs. MySQL vs. SpatiaLite vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison AgensGraph vs. Immudb vs. MySQL vs. SpatiaLite vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Multi-model database supporting relational and graph data models and built upon PostgreSQL

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Widely used open source RDBMS

Spatial extension of SQLite

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.20
Rank	#321	Overall
	#27	Graph DBMS
	#143	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	1083.74
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	1.60
Rank	#149	Overall
	#3	Spatial DBMS

Score	4.26
Rank	#78	Overall
	#13	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#42	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Website

bitnine.net/agensgraph

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.mysql.com

www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/index

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

Technical documentation

bitnine.net/documentation

docs.immudb.io

dev.mysql.com/doc

www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/spatialite_topics.html

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

Developer

Bitnine Global Inc.

Codenotary

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Alessandro Furieri

OpenLink Software

Initial release

2016

2020

1995

2008

1998

Current release

2.1, December 2018

1.2.3, April 2022

8.4.0, April 2024

5.0.0, August 2020

7.2.11, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache License 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

MPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

server-less

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

depending on used data model

schema-free

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like syntax

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

APIs and other access methods

Cypher Query Language
JDBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

C
Java
JavaScript
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

proprietary syntax

yes

Virtuoso PL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

no, but can be realized using table inheritance

Sharding

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

none

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customers

Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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