DBMS > AgensGraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google BigQuery vs. Graph Engine vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison AgensGraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google BigQuery vs. Graph Engine vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Multi-model database supporting relational and graph data models and built upon PostgreSQL

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS

Search engine

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.20
Rank	#321	Overall
	#27	Graph DBMS
	#143	Relational DBMS

Score	135.35
Rank	#7	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	60.38
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	0.61
Rank	#240	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#35	Key-value stores

Score	4.26
Rank	#78	Overall
	#13	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#42	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Website

bitnine.net/agensgraph

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.graphengine.io

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

Technical documentation

bitnine.net/documentation

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

Developer

Bitnine Global Inc.

Elastic

Google

Microsoft

OpenLink Software

Initial release

2016

2010

1998

Current release

2.1, December 2018

8.6, January 2023

7.2.11, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache License 2.0

Open Source

Elastic License

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

.NET and C

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

.NET

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

depending on used data model

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

APIs and other access methods

Cypher Query Language
JDBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

C
Java
JavaScript
Python

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in JavaScript

yes

Virtuoso PL

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

no, but can be realized using table inheritance

Sharding

none

horizontal partitioning

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

yes

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

ES-Hadoop Connector

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Memcached and Redis integration

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantages

Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenarios

Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customers

Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metrics

Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing models

Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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