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DBMS > AgensGraph vs. CouchDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Teradata Aster vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison AgensGraph vs. CouchDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Teradata Aster vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAgensGraph  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata Aster  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionMulti-model database supporting relational and graph data models and built upon PostgreSQLA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Platform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and typesVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS
Document storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.20
Rank#321  Overall
#27  Graph DBMS
#143  Relational DBMS
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitebitnine.net/­agensgraphcouchdb.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannervirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationbitnine.net/­documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablecloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperBitnine Global Inc.Apache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerGoogleTeradataOpenLink Software
Initial release20162005201720051998
Current release2.1, December 20183.3.3, December 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache License 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCErlangC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemedepending on used data modelschema-freeyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) infodefined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Storeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infoin Aster File Storeyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewsyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsCypher Query Language
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
Java
JavaScript
Python
C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesView functions in JavaScriptnoR packagesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesno, but can be realized using table inheritanceSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0ShardingShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoDimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infoSQL Map-Reduce Frameworkyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
AgensGraphCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"Google Cloud SpannerTeradata AsterVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
AgensGraphCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"Google Cloud SpannerTeradata AsterVirtuoso
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