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DBMS > AgensGraph vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison AgensGraph vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAgensGraph  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMulti-model database supporting relational and graph data models and built upon PostgreSQLAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.23
Rank#315  Overall
#26  Graph DBMS
#140  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitebitnine.net/­agensgraphiotdb.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationbitnine.net/­documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperBitnine Global Inc.Apache Software FoundationGoogleMarkLogic Corp.Microsoft
Initial release20162018201520012016
Current release2.1, December 20181.1.0, April 202311.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache License 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaC++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemedepending on used data modelyesschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languagenoyes infoSQL92yes
APIs and other access methodsCypher Query Language
JDBC
JDBC
Native API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
Java
JavaScript
Python
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQL
Triggersnoyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesno, but can be realized using table inheritancehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)ShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparkyesyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoAtomic single-row operationsACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyes

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More resources
AgensGraphApache IoTDBGoogle Cloud BigtableMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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