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DBMS > Adabas vs. HBase vs. LevelDB vs. Raima Database Manager vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Adabas vs. HBase vs. LevelDB vs. Raima Database Manager vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonRaima Database Manager infoformerly named db_Vista  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesRDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into an application or used as a database serverVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelMultivalue DBMSWide column storeKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.17
Rank#94  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.46
Rank#259  Overall
#120  Relational DBMS
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlhbase.apache.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbraima.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationhbase.apache.org/­book.htmlgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.raima.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperSoftware AGApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetGoogleRaima Inc.OpenLink Software
Initial release19712008201119841998
Current release2.3.4, January 20211.23, February 202115, June 20217.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++CC
Server operating systemsBS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
Linux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Android
HP-UX
Integrity RTOS
iOS
Linux
OS X
QNX
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free, schema definition possibleschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoExporting/Importing of XML structures possibleyes
Secondary indexesyesnonoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL Gatewaynonoyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesNaturalC
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C
C++
Objective-C
PL/SQL
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin Naturalyes infoCoprocessors in Javanoyes infobased on the ANSI/ISO SQL Persistent Stored Modules (PSM) specificationyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas VistaShardingnonehorizontal partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with add-on product Event ReplicatorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
noneSource-replica replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)noACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACnonoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Adabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"HBaseLevelDBRaima Database Manager infoformerly named db_VistaVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsRaima Database Manager (RDM) is an embedded time-series database optimized to run...
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Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantagesDecreased time-to-market Industry-standard interfaces & tools for making your job...
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosTypical use cases include: Internet of Things (IoT) Embedded In-Memory Database Time-Series...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customersInfor, ABB, The Boeing Company, BAE Systems, Dow Jones, Dun & Bradstreet, Fujitsu,...
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Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metricsOver 30 000 applications developers worldwide have field-tested RDM products More...
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Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing modelsJust as the technical aspects of Raima Database Manager are flexible, so are the...
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Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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