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DBMS > Adabas vs. Amazon Neptune vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Adabas vs. Amazon Neptune vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelMultivalue DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.79
Rank#102  Overall
#2  Multivalue DBMS
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score0.33
Rank#286  Overall
#131  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlaws.amazon.com/­neptunegoogle.github.io/­lovefieldazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasevirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperSoftware AGAmazonGoogleMicrosoftOpenLink Software
Initial release19712017201420101998
Current release2.1.12, February 2017V127.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaScriptC++C
Server operating systemsBS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
hostedserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafarihostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL GatewaynoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesNaturalC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaScript.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin NaturalnonoTransact SQLyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersnonoUsing read-only observersyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas Vistanonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with add-on product Event ReplicatorMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.noneyes, with always 3 replicas availableChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith encyption-at-restyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infousing MemoryDByes
User concepts infoAccess controlonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Adabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"Amazon NeptuneLovefieldMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Adabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"Amazon NeptuneLovefieldMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureVirtuoso
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