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DBMS > 4D vs. PostGIS vs. SingleStore vs. TimesTen vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. PostGIS vs. SingleStore vs. TimesTen vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemSpatial extension of PostgreSQLMySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table typeIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score22.69
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score5.60
Rank#62  Overall
#35  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.compostgis.netwww.singlestore.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmltypedb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.compostgis.net/­documentationdocs.singlestore.comdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1typedb.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncSingleStore Inc.Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005Vaticle
Initial release19842005201319982016
Current releasev20, April 20233.4.2, February 20248.5, January 202411 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)2.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoGPL v2.0commercial infofree developer edition availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities
Implementation languageCC++, GoJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux info64 bit version requiredAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyes infobut no triggers and foreign keysyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Cluster Management API infoas HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsyesPL/SQLno
Triggersyesyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes infobased on PostgreSQLSharding infohash partitioningnoneSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infobased on PostgreSQLSource-replica replication infostores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocan define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculationsnoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoAll updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.yes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyes infobased on PostgreSQLFine grained access control via users, groups and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionPostGISSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLTimesTenTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsSingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesSingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosDriving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Key customersIEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
» more
Market metricsCustomers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsF ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionPostGISSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLTimesTenTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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