DBMS > 4D vs. Oracle vs. Teradata Aster vs. TerminusDB vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Oracle vs. Teradata Aster vs. TerminusDB vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Widely used RDBMS

Platform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and types

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.17
Rank	#325	Overall
	#29	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.oracle.com/database

terminusdb.com

trafodion.apache.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.oracle.com/en/database

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Oracle

Teradata

DataChemist Ltd.

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

Initial release

1984

1980

2005

2018

2014

Current release

v20, April 2023

23c, September 2023

11.0.0, January 2023

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Open Source

GPL V3

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Prolog, Rust

C++, Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

defined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Store

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

in Aster File Store

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R

JavaScript
Python

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

R packages

yes

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Graph Partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

Dimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.

Journaling Streams

yes, via HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

yes

SQL Map-Reduce Framework

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory journaling

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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