DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. STSdb vs. SurrealDB vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. STSdb vs. SurrealDB vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.10
Rank	#357	Overall
	#51	Key-value stores

Score	1.02
Rank	#190	Overall
	#33	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Score	1.36
Rank	#161	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

surrealdb.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

surrealdb.com/docs

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

4D, Inc

Microsoft

STS Soft SC

SurrealDB Ltd

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

1984

1989

2011

2022

1998

Current release

v20, April 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

4.0.8, September 2015

v1.5.0, May 2024

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Open Source

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Rust

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

.NET Client API

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C#
Java

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes, based on authentication and database rules

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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