DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. QuestDB vs. Teradata vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. QuestDB vs. Teradata vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A high performance open source SQL database for time series data

A hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)

Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.52
Rank	#109	Overall
	#9	Time Series DBMS

Score	45.33
Rank	#21	Overall
	#15	Relational DBMS

Score	10.68
Rank	#43	Overall
	#27	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

questdb.io

www.teradata.com

www.vertica.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

questdb.io/docs

docs.teradata.com

vertica.com/documentation

Developer

4D, Inc

Microsoft

QuestDB Technology Inc

Teradata

OpenText

previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard

Initial release

1984

1989

2014

1984

2005

Current release

v20, April 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019

12.0.3, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Limited community edition free

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

hosted
Linux

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol

yes

Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Join-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index

No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL with time-series extensions

yes

SQL 2016 + extensions

Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol

.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB

ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL

character-based, interactive, front-end utility

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

PostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

over HTTP

C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

UDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel

yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences

Triggers

yes

yes, called Custom Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning (by timestamps)

Sharding

Hashing

horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication with eventual consistency

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Bi-directional Spark integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID for single-table writes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

through memory mapped files

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
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Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantages

High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
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Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenarios

Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
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Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customers

Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
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Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Licensing and pricing models

Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
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Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.