DBMS > 4D vs. gStore vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. STSdb

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. gStore vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. STSdb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A native Graph DBMS to store and maintain very large RDF datasets.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Widely used in-process key-value store

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

Primary database model

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.14
Rank	#342	Overall
	#34	Graph DBMS
	#16	RDF stores

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.01
Rank	#126	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	0.10
Rank	#357	Overall
	#51	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

en.gstore.cn

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

en.gstore.cn/#/enDocs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Microsoft

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

STS Soft SC

Initial release

1984

2016

1989

1994

2011

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.2, November 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

18.1.40, May 2020

4.0.8, September 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

commercial license available

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

Linux
Windows

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

.NET Client API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

C#
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Users, roles and permissions, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) supported

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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