DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. STSdb vs. TDengine

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. STSdb vs. TDengine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Widely used in-process key-value store

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

Time Series DBMS and big data platform

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Key-value store

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.01
Rank	#126	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	0.10
Rank	#357	Overall
	#51	Key-value stores

Score	2.68
Rank	#106	Overall
	#9	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

github.com/taosdata/TDengine
tdengine.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

docs.tdengine.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Microsoft

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

STS Soft SC

TDEngine, previously Taos Data

Initial release

1984

1989

1994

2011

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

18.1.40, May 2020

4.0.8, September 2015

3.0, August 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

commercial license available

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Open Source

AGPL V3, also commercial editions available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Windows

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

Standard SQL with extensions for time-series applications

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

.NET Client API

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

C#
Java

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

yes, via alarm monitoring

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

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