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DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. SiteWhere vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. SiteWhere vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSiteWhere  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLM2M integration platform for persisting/querying time series dataTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.06
Rank#356  Overall
#35  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­sitewhere/­sitewheretrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org/­docssitewhere1.sitewhere.io/­index.htmltrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSiteWhereApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release198420161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20102014
Current releasev20, April 202316.2, February 20242.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoCommon Public Attribution License Version 1.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++CJavaC++, Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyespredefined schemeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP RESTADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java Stored Procedures
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infobased on HBaseSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factor infobased on HBaseyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQLSiteWhereTrafodion
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