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DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RethinkDB vs. TimescaleDB vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RethinkDB vs. TimescaleDB vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.A time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQLIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Document storeTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score2.74
Rank#105  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbrethinkdb.comwww.timescale.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbrethinkdb.com/­docsdocs.timescale.comdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017TimescaleOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842014200920171998
Current releasev20, April 20232.4.1, August 20202.15.0, May 202411 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometrynumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenoyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntaxyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJavaScriptuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shellPL/SQL
TriggersyesJavaScriptClient-side triggers through changefeedsyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding inforange basedyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas infoMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*yesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionAtomic single-document operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCC basedyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelyes infousers and table-level permissionsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBRethinkDBTimescaleDBTimesTen
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