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DBMS > 4D vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostGIS

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostGIS

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSSpatial extension of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score22.69
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverpostgis.net
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverpostgis.net/­documentation
Developer4D, IncGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release1984201419892005
Current releasev20, April 20232.1.12, February 2017SQL Server 2022, November 20223.4.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL v2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaScriptC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariLinux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyesyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
JavaScriptC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions
TriggersyesUsing read-only observersyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationyes infobased on PostgreSQL
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionyes infobased on PostgreSQL
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infousing MemoryDByesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infobased on PostgreSQL

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionLovefieldMicrosoft SQL ServerPostGIS
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