DBMS > 4D vs. LevelDB vs. Snowflake vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. LevelDB vs. Snowflake vs. TypeDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS

Often described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.75
Rank	#107	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	123.20
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Score	0.81
Rank	#217	Overall
	#19	Graph DBMS
	#99	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/google/leveldb

www.snowflake.com

typedb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

typedb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Google

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Vaticle

Initial release

1984

2011

2014

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.23, February 2021

2.26.3, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

Sharding

by using Cassandra

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

yes

Multi-source replication

by using Cassandra

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

by using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

substituted by the relationship feature

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Licensing and pricing models

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