DBMS > 4D vs. LevelDB vs. Quasardb vs. TimescaleDB vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. LevelDB vs. Quasardb vs. TimescaleDB vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Distributed, high-performance timeseries database

A time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.33
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.13
Rank	#332	Overall
	#28	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.06
Rank	#73	Overall
	#5	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.38
Rank	#156	Overall
	#72	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/google/leveldb

quasar.ai

www.timescale.com

www.voltdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

doc.quasar.ai/master

docs.timescale.com

docs.voltdb.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Google

quasardb

Timescale

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

1984

2011

2009

2017

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.23, February 2021

3.14.1, January 2024

2.15.0, May 2024

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Free community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java, C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

integer and binary

numerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

with tags

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

yes

full PostgreSQL SQL syntax

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

consistent hashing

yes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Source-replica replication with selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

by using LevelDB

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Transient mode

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Cryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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