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DBMS > 4D vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. TimesTen vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. TimesTen vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesWidely used in-process key-value storeIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1github.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
Developer4D, IncGoogleOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005Aurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release19842011199419982012
Current releasev20, April 20231.23, February 202118.1.40, May 202011 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnonoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoPL/SQLyes
Triggersyesnoyes infoonly for the SQL APInoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonenoneyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionLevelDBOracle Berkeley DBTimesTenTitan
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