DBMS > 4D vs. etcd vs. LevelDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. etcd vs. LevelDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A distributed reliable key-value store

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Graph DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	2.14
Rank	#120	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	1.83
Rank	#139	Overall
	#13	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

github.com/google/leveldb

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.tigergraph.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.nebula-graph.io

docs.tigergraph.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Google

Vesoft Inc.

Initial release

1984

2011

2019

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.4, August 2019

1.23, February 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Strong typed schema

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

SQL-like query language (GSQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

yes

Triggers

yes

yes, watching key changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

none

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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