DBMS > 4D vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Transbase

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Transbase

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasets

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	4.48
Rank	#75	Overall
	#6	Wide column stores

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#341	Overall
	#150	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/google/leveldb

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/storage/tables

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase/features.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Google

Microsoft

Transaction Software GmbH

Initial release

1984

2011

2012

1989

1987

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.23, February 2021

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

Transbase 8.3, 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

free development license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

yes

implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

optimistic locking

ACID

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights based on private key authentication or shared access signatures

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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