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DBMS > 4D vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TerminusDB vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TerminusDB vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#325  Overall
#29  Graph DBMS
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsterminusdb.comwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#docs.timescale.com
Developer4D, IncSymasMicrosoftDataChemist Ltd.Timescale
Initial release19842011201620182017
Current releasev20, April 20230.9.32, January 202411.0.0, January 20232.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen SourcecommercialOpen Source infoGPL V3Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++Prolog, RustC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
hostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesSQL-like query language (WOQL)yes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
C#
Java
PHP
JavaScript
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoTransact SQLyesuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersyesnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding, horizontal partitioningGraph Partitioningyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneyesJournaling StreamsSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journalingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoyesRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionLMDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistTimescaleDB
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