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DBMS > 4D vs. Kuzu vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SpaceTime vs. STSdb

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Kuzu vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SpaceTime vs. STSdb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonKuzu  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn embeddable property Graph DBMS built for query speed and scalabilityMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.Key-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing method
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#402  Overall
#41  Graph DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.03
Rank#392  Overall
#8  Spatial DBMS
Score0.10
Rank#357  Overall
#51  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comkuzudb.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.mireo.com/­spacetimegithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.kuzudb.comlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftMireoSTS Soft SC
Initial release19842022198920202011
Current releasev20, April 20230.4.2, May 2024SQL Server 2022, November 20224.0.8, September 2015
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT licensecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C++C#
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
server-lessLinux
Windows
LinuxWindows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesA subset of ANSI SQL is implementedno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
CLI Client
Cypher Query Language
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
RESTful HTTP API.NET Client API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Python
Rust
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C#
C++
Python
C#
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javanono
Triggersyesnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationFixed-grid hypercubesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionReal-time block device replication (DRBD)none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesno

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Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionKuzuMicrosoft SQL ServerSpaceTimeSTSdb
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