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DBMS > 4D vs. Kingbase vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Kingbase vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparisonVoltDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS infoUsed for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.50
Rank#257  Overall
#119  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score44.87
Rank#22  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Score1.47
Rank#157  Overall
#73  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.kingbase.com.cnwww.postgresql.orgwww.teradata.comwww.voltdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.teradata.comdocs.voltdb.com
Developer4D, IncBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTeradataVoltDB Inc.
Initial release198419991989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL19842010
Current releasev20, April 2023V8.0, August 202116.3, May 2024Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 201911.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and JavaCJava, C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hosted
Linux
Linux
OS X infofor development
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash indexyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92Standard with numerous extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL 2016 + extensionsyes infoonly a subset of SQL 99
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
C#
C++
Erlang infonot officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallelJava
Triggersyesyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoHashingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyesno infoFOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID infoTransactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoData access is serialized by the server
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSnapshots and command logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers and roles with access to stored procedures

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionKingbasePostgreSQLTeradataVoltDB
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