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DBMS > 4D vs. KairosDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. searchxml vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. KairosDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. searchxml vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonsearchxml  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLDBMS for structured and unstructured content wrapped with an application serverVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Native XML DBMS
Search engine
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.67
Rank#233  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.03
Rank#390  Overall
#7  Native XML DBMS
#24  Search engines
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbwww.postgresql.orgwww.searchxml.net/­category/­productsvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comkairosdb.github.iowww.postgresql.org/­docswww.searchxml.net/­support/­handoutsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Developer4D, IncPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerinformationpartners gmbhOpenLink Software
Initial release198420131989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20151998
Current releasev20, April 20231.2.2, November 201816.3, May 20241.07.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
WindowsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP API
WebDAV
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++ infomost other programming languages supported via APIs.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoon the application serveryes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infobased on Cassandrapartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infobased on CassandraSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infosychronisation to multiple collectionsChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDmultiple readers, single writerACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupssimple password-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardDomain, group and role-based access control at the document level and for application servicesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionKairosDBPostgreSQLsearchxmlVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionKairosDBPostgreSQLsearchxmlVirtuoso
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