DBMS > 4D vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SQLite vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SQLite vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Cloud-based data warehousing service

Widely used in-process key-value store

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

TypeDB provides developers with an expressive, customizable type system to manage their data using an award-winning query language, TypeQL, while building on a high-performance, distributed architecture.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

The type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the graph database model.
Object oriented DBMS

The data model of TypeDB comprises object-oriented features such as class inheritance and interfaces.
Relational DBMS

The type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the relational database model.

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.37
Rank	#160	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Score	2.01
Rank	#126	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	0.70
Rank	#230	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#8	Object oriented DBMS
	#106	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.ibm.com/products/db2/warehouse

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

www.sqlite.org

typedb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

typedb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

IBM

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Vaticle

Initial release

1984

2014

1994

2000

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

18.1.40, May 2020

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

2.28.3, June 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

commercial license available

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

server-less

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (IDE)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

All JVM based languages
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL, SQL PL

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Source-replica replication

none

Synchronous replication via raft

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

substituted by the relationship feature

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
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Competitive advantages

TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
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Typical application scenarios

Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
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