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DBMS > 4D vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. LevelDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. LevelDB vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCloud-based data warehousing serviceEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.30
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2/­warehousegithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncIBMGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release1984201420111989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20231.23, February 202116.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infoImport/export of XML data possiblenoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesnoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesPL/SQL, SQL PLnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBLevelDBPostgreSQL
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