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DBMS > 4D vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Immudb vs. Teradata vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Immudb vs. Teradata vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDB  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCloud-based data warehousing serviceAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.A hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.37
Rank#160  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score44.87
Rank#22  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.4d.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2/­warehousegithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.teradata.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.immudb.iodocs.teradata.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Developer4D, IncIBMCodenotaryTeradataOpenLink Software
Initial release19842014202019841998
Current releasev20, April 20231.2.3, April 2022Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 20197.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hosted
Linux
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infoImport/export of XML data possiblenoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash indexyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesSQL-like syntaxyes infoSQL 2016 + extensionsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesPL/SQL, SQL PLnoyes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallelyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding infoHashingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBImmudbTeradataVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBImmudbTeradataVirtuoso
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