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DBMS > 4D vs. IBM Cloudant vs. OpenQM vs. Oracle Rdb vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. IBM Cloudant vs. OpenQM vs. Oracle Rdb vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonOpenQM infoalso called QM  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Rdb  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDatabase as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBQpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeMultivalue DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.68
Rank#106  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score0.27
Rank#298  Overall
#10  Multivalue DBMS
Score1.08
Rank#184  Overall
#85  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-open-qmwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb.htmlwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb-doc.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014Rocket Software, originally Martin PhillipsOracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release19842010199319841989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20233.4-127.4.1.1, 202116.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageErlangC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAIX
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Solaris
Windows
HP Open VMSFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infowith some exceptionsFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nonoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
.Net
Basic
C
Java
Objective C
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingyespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoatomic operations within a document possibleACIDyes, on a single nodeACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoOptimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionIBM CloudantOpenQM infoalso called QMOracle RdbPostgreSQL
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