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DBMS > 4D vs. HyperSQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. SingleStore vs. SpatiaLite

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. HyperSQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. SingleStore vs. SpatiaLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLMySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table typeSpatial extension of SQLite
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score5.38
Rank#62  Overall
#35  Relational DBMS
Score1.63
Rank#146  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comhsqldb.orgwww.postgresql.orgwww.singlestore.comwww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­index
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.singlestore.comwww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.html
Developer4D, IncPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSingleStore Inc.Alessandro Furieri
Initial release198420011989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20132008
Current releasev20, April 20232.7.2, June 202316.3, May 20248.5, January 20245.0.0, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infofree developer edition availableOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCC++, GoC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux info64 bit version requiredserver-less
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infobut no triggers and foreign keysyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Cluster Management API infoas HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava, SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesno
Triggersyesyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infohash partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication infostores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocan define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculationsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoAll updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access control via users, groups and rolesno
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBPostgreSQLSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLSpatiaLite
Specific characteristicsSingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
» more
Competitive advantagesSingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
» more
Typical application scenariosDriving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
» more
Key customersIEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
» more
Market metricsCustomers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsF ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBPostgreSQLSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLSpatiaLite
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