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DBMS > 4D vs. HyperSQL vs. OrientDB vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. HyperSQL vs. OrientDB vs. Titan

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Graph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comhsqldb.orgorientdb.orggithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
Developer4D, IncOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release1984200120102012
Current releasev20, April 20232.7.2, June 20233.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesSQL-like query language, no joinsno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava, SQLJava, Javascriptyes
TriggersyesyesHooksyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneMulti-source replicationyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes inforelationship in graphsyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBOrientDBTitan
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