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DBMS > 4D vs. HyperSQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Tarantool

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. HyperSQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Tarantool

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTarantool  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodesIn-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infowith Tarantool/GIS extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score2.95
Rank#100  Overall
#17  Document stores
#17  Key-value stores
#50  Relational DBMS
Score1.72
Rank#144  Overall
#25  Document stores
#25  Key-value stores
#66  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comhsqldb.orggithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosqlwww.tarantool.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.nebula-graph.iodocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.htmlwww.tarantool.io/­en/­doc
Developer4D, IncVesoft Inc.OracleVK
Initial release19842001201920112008
Current releasev20, April 20232.7.2, June 202323.3, December 20232.10.0, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)Open Source infoBSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++JavaC and C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinuxLinux
Solaris SPARC/x86
BSD
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesStrong typed schemaSupport Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.Flexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesoptionalstring, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesSQL-like query languageSQL-like DML and DDL statementsFull-featured ANSI SQL support
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
RESTful HTTP APIOpen binary protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava, SQLuser defined functionsnoLua, C and SQL stored procedures
Triggersyesyesnoyes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingShardingSharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneCausal Clustering using Raft protocolElectable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table featureAsynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononowith Hadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Casual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition infowhen using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition infowhen using Raft
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)ACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes, cooperative multitasking
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes, write ahead logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes infooff heap cacheyes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and rolesAccess Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBNebulaGraphOracle NoSQLTarantool
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBNebulaGraphOracle NoSQLTarantool
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